Cingulate Cortex

The cingulate cortex is divided into anterior, middle, posterior, and retrosplenial (Palomero-Gallagher et al 2009) (posterior and retrosplenial are more located in parietal lobe)

Anterior cingulate cortex

Subgenual (ventral) ACC

• Anticipates future physiological needs, highly connected to hypothalamus (Dixon et al, 2017)

Pregenual ACC

• Assists in value determination of interoceptive sensation (along with medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula) (Dixon et al, 2017)

Dorsal ACC (also called anterior midcingulate)

• Appraise actions and behaviors and potential future outcomes (Dixon et al, 2017)

• Error detection

References

Dixon, M. L., Thiruchselvam, R., Todd, R. & Christoff, K. Emotion and the prefrontal cortex: An integrative review. Psychol. Bull. 143, 1033–1081 (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28616997/

Palomero-Gallagher, N., Vogt, B. A., Schleicher, A., Mayberg, H. S. & Zilles, K. Receptor architecture of human cingulate cortex: Evaluation of the four-region neurobiological model. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 2336–2355 (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19034899/