Parkinson's disease
Diagnosis
To meet diagnosis, two core diagnostic features must be present (Albanese 2003)
1) Core diagnostic features:
- a. Bradykinesia
- b. Rigidity
- c. Tremor, primarily at rest
2) Supportive diagnostic features:
- a. Postural instability
- b. Flexed posture
- c. Shuffling gait
- d. Hypovolemic speech
- e. Swallowing difficulties
- f. Micrographia
- g. Masked face
- h. Start hesitancy
- i. Freezing
3) Exclusion criteria:
- a. Oculogyric crises
- b. Supranuclear gaze palsy
- c. Babinski sign
- d. Negative response to an adequate dose of levodopa
- e. Sustained remission
- f. History of definite encephalitis
- g. Early severe autonomic involvement
- h. Neuroleptic treatment at onset of symptoms
- i. Cerebellar signs
Depression in Parkinson's disease
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS)
References
Albanese, A. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 24, S23–S26 (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12774207/
