Parkinson's disease

Diagnosis

To meet diagnosis, two core diagnostic features must be present (Albanese 2003)

1) Core diagnostic features:

a. Bradykinesia
b. Rigidity
c. Tremor, primarily at rest

2) Supportive diagnostic features:

a. Postural instability
b. Flexed posture
c. Shuffling gait
d. Hypovolemic speech
e. Swallowing difficulties
f. Micrographia
g. Masked face
h. Start hesitancy
i. Freezing

3) Exclusion criteria:

a. Oculogyric crises
b. Supranuclear gaze palsy
c. Babinski sign
d. Negative response to an adequate dose of levodopa
e. Sustained remission
f. History of definite encephalitis
g. Early severe autonomic involvement
h. Neuroleptic treatment at onset of symptoms
i. Cerebellar signs


Depression in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease psychosis

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS)

Parkinson's disease dementia


References

Albanese, A. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 24, S23–S26 (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12774207/